Deforestation in Amazonia

The amazon rain quality is the worlds doublest rain woodwind situated in Brail of South the States and consequently suffers the most disforestation in the world. Deforestation is the ca affair for the conclusion of the Amazon and rapidly becoming the most reliable method for ingress to resources such(prenominal)(prenominal) as tonicity. The countries of Amazonia atomic number 18 poor, less real countries that rely on the resources of the Amazon rain forest to break down richer, to a greater extent essential countries. However, around volume think that they bottom of the inning only do this by destroying the rain forest forever.The trees of the rain forest stick out be sold for wood (timber). This timber is in commodious demand in economic solelyy unquestionable countries ilk Britain, Japan and USA. Accordingly, as it is in great demand, there argon some(prenominal) advantages as sanitary as disadvantages of the deforestation of the trees in the Amazon. Th ere are many a(prenominal) raft that energize an interest in the rain forest such as the large companies in the substantial countries who buy the raw materials such as the wood from the rainforest.The business of trade of the materials would most same(p)ly improve the maturation countries like Peru and Brazil as the presidency would profit exceedingly and could white plague the property to build roads or provide the materials for buildings and schools or hospitals as a elan to improve the country. As the company lead be a transnational company, there entrust be many, many jobs created in both the create and genuine countries involved in the business thus upward(a) the beat of vitality for many tidy sum in both types of countries. Nevertheless, the demolition of the rainforest provide be vast and this use of the rainforest go out non protect the forest.Other types of mint that might be raise in the rainforest are the possessor and workers of a saw mill. Th e owner would gain from his business and would to a fault place many local people in employment. This would improve the local peoples standard of living however, the mill would non help the entire country to acquire more than developed. Similarly, this use of the rainforest bequeath non help protect the rainforest however, the destruction of it would non be on such a large denture as the large companies use of the forest. Landless farmers would be under the impression that they would besides improvement from the deforestation of the forest demean.One of the governments plans to improve the country is to assign nationless farmers a way of living by encouraging them to rank up small farms on get down which has been deforested. The drink downless farmers accept the land as the government provides it for the cheaply. However, as a result of deforestation, the land has become useless as the soil is infertile and vulnerable to erosion referable to the equatorial climate . This means that Brazil would non become more developed because the landless farmers result not have the land suitable for ripening crops thence their standard of living will remain poor, adding to the poverty of the develop country.Subsequently, Brazil is left with the destruction of deforestation and useless soil that sightnot be recovered in addition to the problem of damaged scenery, all of which does not protect the Amazon rainforest. One point to be considered is that the jobs created will economically develop the country because tax will be introduced and the government could benefit from the tax money to improve the country by building schools and hospitals and so on so in one way, the poor countries would become more developed.If the land that has been deforested due to timber being in great demand economically is turned into kine ranches and beations, local people would benefit from this as many jobs will be created. Workers will improve their standard of living from this as plantations will allow vital crops such as sugar, coffee and rubber plants to be grown. These raw materials can be sold to economically developed countries, however, growing these crops will be a slow process and the workers would not benefit straight away.On the opposite hand, the local tribes like the Kayapo would be over against the deforestation of the rainforest completely as their way of living and cultural traditions are destroyed because they are forced off the land to discombobulate way for modern teachings resulting in loss of homes and therefore poor standards of living ensuing again in the poverty of the country. Natural conservationists and holiday restorers would be against this use of the rainforest because rare animal species would become extinct, as well as rare plant and tree species being destroyed. For this use of the rainforest to be sustainable, far less trees would have to be destroyed.Statistically, approximately one in twenty trees is of economic value, while the rest are destroyed for no reason, leading to the extinction of rare species of plants and trees, which the natural conservationists would be against. To maintain sustainability of the rainforest by using it for the timber, large companies who buy the raw materials could only track down the trees of economic value rather than destroying others. Also, removing the deforested trees results in other plant life to be destroyed as roads have to be built and vehicles have to be brought into the rainforest to remove the trees.Residents of the forest are aware of the circumstances and have found others ways to remove the trees without destroying others. Buffaloes have been used to drag the trees out, without the need to build roads. However, using buffaloes to remove the trees would be slow development for the government so a few roads could be built. Another use of the rainforest is for valuable minerals. Under the forest lie huge amounts of valuable minerals lik e campaign ore, bauxite and opulent, some of which are vital to daily life. These valuable minerals are sold to economically developed countries.The developing country would profit from the sale of the minerals to more economically developed countries for the reason that the demand for the minerals is high from developed countries as they are so vital. Not surprisingly, deforestation is the method used to access these minerals, causing sight of destruction. Nevertheless, large companies in the developed countries who buy the raw materials from the rainforest will still favour the use of the rainforest to extract valuable minerals. likewise destroying the land under which the minerals lie, room has to be made for the part send needed.Extracting valuable minerals such as bauxite which is aluminium need hydro-electric power from these power stations. One advantage of this use of the rainforest is that electricity can be provided for the local people as well as for the extraction of minerals. This therefore helps part of the country to become more developed as many homes would have the basic comforts that a home in the developed country would have. Another advantage of this use of the rainforest is that again, many jobs will be created for the local people to work at the sites.Jobs will be created in severalise to build the power stations, to build roads so that access to the rainforest is easy as well as for the remotion of the trees. Jobs will imply a better standard of living for the people of the country. However, there are many disadvantages of the use of the rainforest in this method. The deforestation process leaves the soil useless as it becomes infertile and insecure. This is because the roots of the trees in one case held the soil together, to prevent it from collapsing, and a lot of the nutrients in the soil were also provided by the trees.In this way landless farmers are once again left not benefiting from this use of the rainforest. Deforestat ion also adds to the problem of the destruction of the scenery which natural conservationists and tourists of the rainforest would be against, and also because of the extinction of a variety of different species of animals and plants. The deforested land could then be used for cattle ranches which a few local people would profit from because jobs would be created on the ranches. There would also be one problem that the workers would face on the cattle ranch.As the land has been deforested it will be unlikely that tummy will grow which is vital to the cattle for grazing. so the cattle would not be as healthy and the food produce from the cattle would not be as appealing to the richer countries. . However, this problem is only small carapace and the grass would grow back eventually. For that reason, workers on cattle ranches would be in favour of this use of the rainforest. On the other hand, workers on plantation farms would regulate it difficult to grow fundamental crops such as sugar, rubber, and coffee plants as the soil would be infertile.Similarly, the local tribes of Amerindians would be against this use of the rainforest as they do not benefit from deforestation because of their traditional, cultural and social way of living from the trees in medical ways as well as having animals to hunt for food. To maintain sustainability in the rainforest using this method of extracting minerals from the rainforest extraction of the minerals could take place in parts of the rainforests which have already been deforested as a result of timber trade rather than deforesting new areas of the rainforest.Another way is that when the soil is dug up after the extraction, people could find a way to return the nutrients back into the soil for fount by using artificial fertilisers. However, this proves to be tremendously costly for the government as millions of acres of land would need to be covered and this would not benefit the country if the money was used on the fertil izers rather than developing it into a richer country. One other use of the rainforest is for touristry. The rainforest can be kept as it is and used as a tourist attraction.Visitors from the richer, developed countries would visit to see the great variety of plants and animals. As unconnected to the other uses of the rainforest, this use of the rainforest will not be gilt to many of the different types of people interested in the forest. As the tourists would like to see the forest in its natural habitat, they would be against the supposition of abusing the rainforests spirit by taking advantage of the land it covers and the crucial resources it provides.However, some deforestation would need to take place in order for the tourists to see the rainforest. roads would have to be built to provide access to the forest. Lodges would have to be built for the tourists to stay in, which will have to include the basic amenities such as electricity and hot water. In order for these to be provided water and electricity systems will need to be accessible in the rainforest which could cause some deforestation.Local people would benefit to some extent from tourism because they could fail food products such as fruits and union etc. from the forest to the tourists or provide the tourists with places to stay and this could improve their standard of living slightly. However as the scale of tourism in a natural place such as the rainforest is extremely diminutive, it is super likely that the local people would not benefit as very oftentimes from the use of tourism in the rainforest as using the rainforest to extract valuable materials or for selling timber.Many people such as the owner and workers of a saw mill, landless farmers, and owners of cattle ranches aboard the large companies in the developed who would indispensability to buy the raw materials from the forest would be against this idea of conserving the forest for its natural purposes because they would no t profit from this whatsoever. The rainforest land would have to be kept undisturbed. This use of the rainforest will not help the developing country to become more developed as tourism of the rainforest is of such a small scale that the whole country will not benefit from it.On the other hand, tourism of the rainforest does help protect the Amazon since people want to tour it in its natural condition. The idea of ecotourism introduces sustainability of the rainforest, however to maintain this sustainability of the rainforest, tourism would have to be limited. If the tourist industry were to grow in the rainforest, much more land would need to be deforested to make way for developments such as hotels, roads, shops etc. as this would attract more visitors from richer countries.This would also take on out the multiplier effect which is when an economic activity creates extra employment, expanding more economic development. This is also a method that could help to improve developing c ountries. In my opinion, for the development of the rainforest to be sustainable in order to allow many uses of the rainforest to gain access to the resources of the rainforest without destroying it forever, all of the above uses should be limited to a certain amount.Total neglection of the forlornness done to the rainforest is not the resultant role. There is also the problem of the alter in the climate caused by deforestation, for whatever reason, whether it is to extract minerals or to sell timber, to be considered when dealing with the issues of deforestation. However as timber is such a vital resource for everyday life virtually everywhere in the world, deforestation cannot come to an end immediately because of the timber being such a reliable source.My opinion suggests that limitations should be introduced so that deforestation can be easily managed, for example, restrictions should be made on how much land can be deforested each year and which areas of the rainforest defore station can occur. If the area contains many rare species of trees and animals then deforestation here should not be allowed, to prevent the species from becoming extinct. To make this idea even more sustainable, the government should consider replanting in the areas deforested after making sure not too much damage was caused to the soil.As well as timber being an essential resource taken from the rainforest, minerals also have a particularly great impact on our everyday lives as these minerals are turned into valuable substances such as aluminium and priceless gold for jewellery. Again, destruction of the rainforest cannot be completely stopped in this stance because of the essentiality of the minerals, nevertheless, it can be limited. Areas can be restricted from digging sites to decrease destruction. Many people could argue here that more land would be needed if all the minerals in that area have been extracted.Interestingly, the solution to this has already been introduced and encouraged by many recycling. Most of the materials can be recycled such as aluminium from the bauxite extracted as well as the iron and this environmentally friendly method could cause less destruction of the rainforest. My idea also suggests that although ecotourism is the most eco-friendly and causes the least destruction, this should also be controlled. To maintain sustainability of the rainforest without entirely abandoning ecotourism, restrictions should be made on exactly how much development of the tourist industry should be allowed in the rainforest.Although the country will become further developed with many jobs created and tourists from developed countries staying in hotels many shops beat up profiting from tourism etc, problems such as the destruction of the rainforest will arise from this. More land will be required for this clear up of development and this will cause more devastation of the rainforest, making it unsustainable. Therefore restrictions would preserve t he sustainability of the uses of the rainforest without causing future harm to the rainforest itself. fencing off areas that have restrictions from extracting minerals and slashing trees for timber is another way to make sure that ecotourism will be persistent in the rainforest as they fenced off areas will be preserved for the tourists, plus natural conservationists will be satisfied as well. In conclusion, my proposition is better than others as my solution maintains the development of many of the uses of the Amazon rainforest without causing too much destruction because I have made limitations to each use of the rainforest to maintain the sustainability of the rainforests natural environment.

Loi (Letter of Intent)

A letter of cloaked or LOI is a document outlining an agreement between devil or more parties in the lead the agreement is finalized. The concept is similar to the so-c alled heads of agreement. Such agreements whitethorn be Asset Purchase Agreements, Sh be Purchase Agreements, Joint-Venture Agreements and overall all Agreements which heading at closing a financially large deal.LOIs resemble write comes, but are usually non binding on the parties in their entirety. M some(prenominal) LOIs, however, contain provisions that are binding, such as non-disclosure agreements, a covenant to negotiate in good faith, or a stand-still or no-shop provision promising exclusive rights to negotiate. An LOI may also be interpreted as binding the parties if it too closely resembles a formal contract. The purposes of an LOI may be treated as to clarify the key points of a Gordian transaction for the convenience of the parties * to declare officially that the parties are currently negotiating, as in a merger or joint venture intent * to provide safeguards in case a deal collapses during negotiation An LOI may also be referred to as a memorandum of beneathstanding (MOU), limit sheet or discussion sheet. The contrary terms reflect different styles, but do not indicate any difference under law. A contract, in contrast, is a legal document governed by contract law.There is however a specific difference between an LOI and MOU, whereby an LOI is the intent from one party to another and does not in this case attain to be signed by both parties, whereas an MOU is an agreement between two or more parties, which should be signed by all parties to be valid. edit Specific examples See also National Letter of Intent * Education. In the United States, Letters of Intent are frequently reached between gamy school senior athletes and colleges and universities, which then reserve athletic scholarships for the athletes upon graduation. Academia. In pedantic settings Letters of Inten t are part of the application process. There they are also known as Statement of purpose or exertion Essay. * Solicitation. A letter of intent (LOI) is richlyly encouraged but it is not required or binding, and does not enter into the review of a concomitant application. The information that it contains allows government staff to estimate the potential workload and fancy the review. LOI, letter of intent, Grant Solicitation, retrieved 2008-05-21 * Disability.The LOI for a child is a document pen by the parents or guardians that describes the childs or adult childs history, current status, and location of all other documents. In the event of the death of the disabled childs parents or guardians, courts cuss upon the familys LOI for guidance in understanding the familys wishes. * Schools. School Administrators, particularly at high schools, need a Letter of Intent to approve the formation of a club. * Real Estate.In cases where the real property in question is not listed on the MLS or listed with a Realtor, there may not be an easy way to notify the owner of the property and other interested parties of intent to purchase. Often it is necessary to officially begin the process of a purchase and allow all peripheral interested parties to begin any other processes (such as a multi-million dollar loan for a commercialized property may require a letter of intent earlier a financial institution will allow personnel to pretermit time working on said loan) necessary for the completion of the sale.

Frostbite Chapter 4

FOURI COULDNT BELIEVE IT. JANINE Hatha centering. My mother. My insanely famous and spectacularly absent mother. She was no Arthur Schoenberg, scarce when she did keep rachis a pretty stellar(prenominal) reputation in the shielder world. I hadnt considern her in years because she was eternally off on rough insane mission. And yethere she was at the Academy practiced nowright in front of meand she hadnt thus far bo in that locationd to permit me drive in she was coming. So ofttimes for motherly love.What the hell was she doing here leastwise? The break up came quickly. All the Moroi who came to campus would take a shit their guardians in tow. My mother protected a noble from the Szelsky clan, and nigh(prenominal) members of that family had shown up for the holidays. Of course shed be here with him.I slid into my chair and mat up something inside of me shrivel up. I knew she had to shed seen me conform to in, notwithstanding her attention was foc apply elsewhere. She had on jeans and a beige T-shirt, c all over with what had to be the most boring denim jacket Id ever seen. At scarcely five feet tall, she was dwarfed by the other guardians, but she had a fore mapping and way of standing that made her seem taller.Our instructor, Stan, introduced the guests and explained that they were going to share real-life experiences with us.He paced the front of the room, bushy eyebrows knitting in concert as he intercommunicate. I know this is unusual, he explained. Visiting guardians usually dont bring time to stop by our classifyes. Our deuce-ace guests, however, obtain made time to receive shed to you today in light of whats happened recently He paused a moment, and no champion needed to tell us what he was referring to. The Badica attack. He unclutter his throat and tried again. In light of whats happened, we sight it might discontinue prepare you to learn from those currently working in the field.The class tense with excitement. He aring storiesparticularly iodins with a distribute of blood and actionwas a hell of a multitude to a greater extent(prenominal) interesting than analyzing theory from a textbook. Apparently some of the other campus guardians thought so too. They often stopped by our classes, but they were present today in a life-sizedr-than-usual number. Dimitri stood among them in the posterior.The old poke fun went first. He launched into his story, and I prove myself describeting hooked in. It described a time when the youngest son of the family he guarded had wandered off in a public shoot for that Strigoi were lurking in.The sun was or so to toughened, he told us in a gravelly enunciate. He swept his generates in a trim tushward motion, apparently to demonstrate how a sunset worked. There were only both of us, and we had to make a snap decision on how to proceed.I leaned forward, elbows propped up on my desk. Guardians often worked in pairs. Onethe airless guardusually stayed close to those universe guarded magic spell the otherthe far guardsc step to the foreed the area. The far guard equable usually stayed within eye contact, so I recognized the dilemma here. idea close it, I decided that if I were in that situation, Id bind the near guardian put iodin crossways the rest of the family to a secure location while the other guardian searched for the boy.We had the family stay inside a restaurant with my companion while I swept the rest of the area, continued the old guardian. He spread his hands pop stunned in a sweeping motion, and I mat up smug over having made the correct call. The story finish happily, with a found boy and no Strigoi encounters.The second guys anecdote talked nigh how hed gotten the drop on a Strigoi stalking some Moroi.I wasnt make up technically on duty, he said. He was the really take a shit it one one, and a girl sitting near me stared at him with wide, adoring look. I was visit a friend and the family he guarde d. As I was leaving their apartment, I saw a Strigoi lurking in the shadows. He never expected a guardian to be out thither. I circled the block, came up behind him, and The worldly concern made a staking motion, far to a greater extent dramatic than the old guys hand gestures had been. The storyteller free went so far as to mimic s development the stake into the Strigois heart.And then it was my mothers acetify. A scowl spread over my suit before she however said a word, a scowl that grew worse once she actually launched into the story. I swear, if I didnt believe her incapable of having the mood for itand her bland clothing choices proved she really didnt have an imaginationI would have thought she was lying. It was more than a story. It was an epic tale, the kind of thing that gets made into movies and wins Oscars.She talked about how her charge, Lord Szelsky, and his wife had attended a ball put on by another prominent royal family. Several Strigoi had been lying in wa it. My mother failed one, promptly staked it, and then mobileed the other guardians present. With their help, she hunted slew the other Strigoi lurking some and performed most of the kills herself.It wasnt easy, she explained. From anyone else that statement would have sounded worry bragging. non her. There was a briskness to the way she spoke, an efficient way of stating facts that left wing no room for flourishes. Shed been raised in Glasgow and some of her words still had a Scottish lilt. There were three others on the premises. At the time, that was considered an unco large number to be working together. Thats not necessarily trustworthy now, considering the Badica massacre. A few people flinched at the perfunctory way she spoke about the attack. Once again, I could see the bodies. We had to dispatch the remaining Strigoi as quickly and quietly as possible, so as not to alert the others. Now, if you have the element of surprise, the beat out way to take Strigoi is to come around from behind, break their distinguishs, and then stake them. Breaking their necks wont kill them, of course, but it stuns them and allows you to do the staking before they finish make any noise. The most difficult part is actually sneaking up on them, because their hearing is so acute. Since Im little and lighter than most guardians, I can move fairly quietly. So I ended up performing two of the three kills myself.Again, she used that matter-of-fact tone as she described her own stealthy skills. It was annoying, more so than if shed been openly haughty about how awesome she was. My classmates faces shone with wonder they were clear more interested in the idea of breaking a Strigois neck than analyzing my mothers narrative skills.She continued with the story. When she and the other guardians had killed the remaining Strigoi, theyd discovered two Moroi had been taken from the party. Such an act wasnt uncommon for Strigoi. Some times they wanted to save Moroi for a lat er snack sometimes lower-ranking Strigoi were dispatched by more knock-down(a) ones to bring back prey. Regardless, two Moroi were gone from the ball, and their guardian had been injured.Naturally, we couldnt leave those Moroi in Strigoi clutches, she said. We tracked the Strigoi to their hideout and found several of them living together. Im sure you can recognize how rare that is.It was. The evil and selfish nature of Strigoi made them turn on each other as easily as they did their victims. Organizing for attackswhen they had an immediate and bloody goal in mindwas the best they could do. But living together? No. It was almost impossible to imagine.We managed to free the two captive Moroi, only to discover that others were being held prisoner, my mother said. We couldnt send the ones wed rescued back by themselves, though, so the guardians who were with me escorted them out and left it to me to get the others.Yes, of course, I thought. My mother bravely went in alone. A grand th e way, she got captured but managed to escape and rescue the prisoners. In doing so, she performed what had to be the hat trick of the century, killing Strigoi in all three ship canal staking, decapitation, and setting them on fire.I had safe staked a Strigoi when two more attacked, she explained. I didnt have time to pull the stake out when the others jumped me. Fortunately, there was an open fire endue nearby, and I pushed one of the Strigoi into it. The last one chase after me outside, into an old shed. There was an axe inside and I used that to cut off her head. I then took a can of gasoline and returned to the house. The one Id thrown into the fireplace hadnt completely burned, but once I doused him in gasoline, he went up pretty quickly.The classroom was in awe as she spoke. Mouths dropped. Eyes bugged. Not a sound could be heard. Glancing around, I matte worry time had frozen for everyoneexcept me. I appeared to be the only one unimpressed by her harrowing tale, and seein g the awe on everyones faces angered me. When she finished, a dozen hands shot up as the class peppered her with questions about her techniques, whether she was scared, etc.After about the tenth question, I couldnt take it anymore. I raised my hand. It took her a while to notice and call on me. She seemed mildly astonished to find me in class. I considered myself lucky that she even recognized me.So, Guardian Hath remote, I began. Why didnt you guys hardly secure the place?She frowned. I return shed gone on her guard the moment she called on me. What do you mean?I shrugged and slouched back in my desk, attempting a casual and conversational air. I dont know. It seems to me ilk you guys messed up. Why didnt you scope out the place and make sure it was clear of Strigoi in the first place? Seems like you could have saved yourself a lot of trouble.All eyes in the room turned toward me. My mother was momentarily at a going away for words. If we hadnt gone by means of all that trou ble, thered be seven more Strigoi base on balls the world, and those other captured Moroi would be dead or turned by now.Yeah, yeah, I get how you guys saved the day and all that, but Im going back to the principles here. I mean, this is a theory class, right? I glanced over at Stan who was regarding me with a very stormy look. He and I had a long and unpleasant history of classroom conflicts, and I suspected we were on the wand of another. So I just want to figure out what went defective in the beginning.Ill say this for hermy mother had a hell of a lot more self-control than I did. Had our roles been reversed, I would have walked over and smacked me by now. Her face stayed perfectly calm, however, and a small tightness in the set of her lips was the only sign that I was pissing her off.Its not that simple, she replied. The venue had an extremely complex layout. We went through it initially and found nothing. Its believed the Strigoi came in after the festivities had startedor t hat there might have been passages and hidden rooms we hadnt been aware of.The class oohed and ahhed over the idea of hidden passages, but I wasnt impressed.So what youre saying is that you guys either failed to detect them during your first sweep, or they broke through the security you set up during the party. Seems like someone messed up either way.The tightness in her lips increased, and her voice grew frosty. We did the best we could with an unusual situation. I can see how someone at your level might not be able to grasp the intricacies of what Im describing, but once youve actually learned enough to go beyond theory, youll see how different it is when youre actually out there and lives are in your hands.No doubt, I agreed. Who am I to question your methods? I mean, whatever gets you the molnija tag, right?Miss Hathaway. Stans deep voice rumbled through the room. Please take your things and go wait outside for the remainder of class.I stared at him in bewilderment. be you ser ious? Since when is there anything wrong with asking questions?Your attitude is whats wrong. He pointed at the door. Go.A silence heavier and deeper than when my mother had told her story descended over everyone. I did my best not to cower under the stares of guardians and novices alike. This wasnt the first time Id been kicked out of Stans class. It wasnt even the first time Id been kicked out of Stans class while Dimitri was watching. Slinging my load down over my shoulder, I get across the short di billet to the doora distance that felt like milesand refused to make eye contact with my mother as I passed.About five minutes before the class let out, she slipped out of the room and walked over to where I sat in the hallway. Looking down on me, she put her hands on her hips in that annoying way that made her seem taller than she was. It wasnt fair that someone over half a foot shorter than me could make me feel so small.Well. I see your manners havent improved over the years.I st ood up and felt a flare snap into place. Nice to see you too. Im surprised you even recognized me. In fact, I didnt even think you remembered me, seeing as how you never daunted to let me know you were on campus.She shifted her hands from her hips and crossed her arms across her chest, becomingif possibleeven more impassive. I couldnt neglect my duty to come coddle you. flub? I asked. This woman had never coddled me in her life. I couldnt believe she even knew the word.I wouldnt expect you to check. From what I hear, you dont really know what duty is.I know exactly what it is, I retorted. My voice was intentionally haughty. Better than most people.Her eyes widened in a sort of mock surprise. I used that disrespectful look on a lot of people and didnt appreciate having it tell toward me. Oh really? Where were you for the last two years?Where were you for the last five? I demanded. Would you have known I was gone if someone hadnt told you?Dont turn this back on me. I was away bec ause I had to be. You were away so you could go shopping and stay up late.My hurt and embarrassment morphed into pure fury. Apparently, I was never going to live down the consequences of running away with Lissa.You have no idea why I left, I said, my voices volume rising. And you have no right to make assumptions about my life when you dont know anything about it.Ive read reports about what happened. You had reason for concern, but you acted incorrectly. Her words were formal and crisp. She could have been teaching one of my classes. You should have gone to others for help.There was no one I could go tonot when I didnt have hard proof. Besides, weve been learning that were vatical to think independently.Yes, she replied. Emphasis on learning. Something you missed out on for two years. Youre hardly in a position to lecture me about guardian protocol.I wound up in arguments all the time something in my nature made that inevitable. So I was used to defending myself and having insults slammed at me. I had a tough skin. But somehow, around herin the brief times I had been around herI always felt like I was three years old. Her attitude humiliated me, and touching on my missed bringing up already a prickly subjectonly made me feel worse. I crossed my arms in a fair imitation of her own stance and managed a smug look.Yeah? Well, thats not what my teachers think. Even after abstracted all that time, Ive still caught up with everyone else in my class.She didnt answer right away. Finally, in a flat voice, she said, If you hadnt left, you would have surpassed them.Turning military-style, she walked off down the hall. A minute later, the bell rang, and the rest of Stans class spilled into the hall.Even Mason couldnt press me up after that. I spent the rest of the day fierce and annoyed, sure that everyone was whispering about my mother and me. I skipped lunch and went to the subroutine library to read a book about physiology and anatomy.When it was time for my after -school training with Dimitri, I practically ran up to the practice dummy. With a curled fist, I slapped its chest, very slightly to the left but mostly in the center.There, I told him. The heart is there, and the sternum and ribs are in the way. elicit I have the stake now?Crossing my arms, I glanced up at him triumphantly, time lag for him to shower me with praise for my new cunning. Instead, he simply nodded in acknowledgment, like I should already have known that. And yeah, I should have.And how do you get through the sternum and the ribs? he asked.I sighed. Id reckon out the answer to one question, only to be given another. Typical.We spent a large part of the practice going over that, and he demonstrated several techniques that would yield the quickest kill. Every movement he made was both graceful and deadly. He made it look effortless, but I knew better.When he suddenly extended his hand and offered the stake to me, I didnt understand at first. Youre giving it to me?His e yes sparkled. I cant believe youre dareing back. I figured youd have taken it and run by now.Arent you always teaching me to hold back? I asked.Not on everything.But on some things.I heard the double meaning in my voice and wondered where it had come from. Id accepted a while ago that there were too many an(prenominal) reasons for me to even think about him romantically anymore. Every once in a while, I slipped a little and kind of wished he would too. Itd have been nice to know that he still wanted me, that I still drove him crazy. Studying him now, I realized he might not ever slip because I didnt drive him crazy anymore. It was a depressing thought.Of course, he said, showing no indication wed discussed anything other than class matters. Its like everything else. Balance. Know which things to run forward withand know which to leave alone. He placed a heavy emphasis on that last statement.Our eyes met briefly, and I felt electricity race through me. He did know what I was talk ing about. And like always, he was ignoring it and being my teacherwhich is exactly what he should have been doing. With a sigh, I pushed my feelings for him out of my head and tried to remember that I was about to touch the weapon Id been longing for since childhood. The memory of the Badica house came back to me yet again. The Strigoi were out there. I needed to focus.Hesitantly, almost reverentially, I reached out and curled my fingers around the hilt. The metal was cool and tingled against my skin. It was etched along the hilt for better grip, but in trailing my fingers over the rest of it, I found the surface to be as smooth as glass. I lifted it from his hand and brought it to me, taking a long time to study it and get used to its weight. An anxious part of me wanted to turn around and impale all of the dummies, but instead I looked up at Dimitri and asked, What should I do first?In his typical way, he covered fundamental principle first, honing the way I held and moved with the stake. Later on, he finally let me attack one of the dummies, at which point I did indeed discover it was not effortless. Evolution had done a smart thing in protecting the heart with the sternum and ribs. Yet through it all, Dimitri never faltered in diligence and patience, guiding me through every step and correcting the finest details.Slide up through the ribs, he explained, watching me try to fit the stakes point through a gap in the bones. Itll be easier since youre shorter than most of your attackers. Plus, you can seacoast along the lower ribs edge.When practice ended, he took the stake back and nodded his approval.Good. really good.I glanced at him in surprise. He didnt usually hand out a lot of praise.Really?You do it like youve been doing it for years.I felt a delighted grin creep over my face as we started leaving the practice room. When we neared the door, I noticed a dummy with nappy red hair. Suddenly, all the events from Stans class came tumbling back into my head. I scowled.Can I stake that one next time?He picked up his coat and put it on. It was long and brown, made of distressed leather. It looked very much like a cowboy duster, though hed never admit to it. He had a secret fascination with the Old West. I didnt really understand it, but then, I didnt get his weird musical preferences either.I dont think thatd be healthy, he said.Itd be better than me actually doing it to her, I grumbled, catapult my backpack over one shoulder. We headed out to the gym.Violence isnt the answer to your puzzles, he said sagely.Shes the one with the problem. And I thought the whole point of my command was that violence is the answer.Only to those who bring it to you first. Your mother isnt assaulting you. You two are just too much alike, thats all.I stopped walking. Im not anything like her I meanwe kind of have the same eyes. But Im a lot taller. And my hairs completely different. I pointed to my pony tail, just in case he wasnt aware that my thick brown-black hair didnt look like my mothers auburn curls.He still had kind of an amused expression, but there was something hard in his eyes too. Im not talking about your appearances, and you know it.I looked away from that knowing gaze. My attraction to Dimitri had started almost as soon as wed metand it wasnt just because he was so hot, either. I felt like he mum part of me that I didnt understand myself, and sometimes I was pretty sure I understood parts of him that he didnt understand either.The only problem was that he had the annoying tendency to point out things about myself I didnt want to understand.You think Im jealous?Are you? he asked. I detest it when he answered my questions with questions. If so, what are you jealous of exactly?I glanced back at Dimitri. I dont know. Maybe Im jealous of her reputation. Maybe Im jealous because shes put more time into her reputation than into me. I dont know.You dont think what she did was great?Yes. No. I dont know. It just sounded like such a I dont knowlike she was bragging. Like she did it for the glory. I grimaced. For the marks. Molnija marks were tattoos awarded to guardians when they killed Strigoi. Each one looked like a tiny x made of lightning bolts. They went on the backs of our necks and showed how experienced a guardian was.You think facing down Strigoi is worth a few marks? I thought youd learned something from the Badica house.I felt stupid. Thats not what ICome on.I stopped walking. What?Wed been heading toward my dorm, but now he nodded his head toward the opposite side of campus. I want to show you something.What is it?That not all marks are badges of honor.

The Fisherman

He opens the numbers using a first person narrative, mixed with a simple monosyllabic dialogue Although can see him till, in order to emphasis the simple nature of the pekan, and Yeats tots to this effect by using a very perpetual rhyming pattern (ABA), and enjambment of the line in order to add a harmony and fluidity to the poem. As you carry on Yeats describes a lot of untaught and naturalistic imagery the lentiginous soldiery Ere Condemner garments emphasizing the typical old simple, and hard working Irish man, and this could in fact be compared to the Irish Airman. Because both poems are connected to a specific place in Ireland, in The Fisherman, it is Condemner, when in the Irish Airman it is Kiloton rag, likewise in The Fisherman, notice how the man seems to form as purpose of the landscape grey place on a hill in grey, which shows how, not only is he wearing Condemner clothes, a local material, just seems to merge with the natural environment.Yeats also uses a var iety of different syntaxs, in order to present the Irish people, and to present their different attitudes. From the simple syntax of the fisherman, cast his flies reflecting the quite, simple aspects of Ireland to here people live cancelled the land, to which in Yeats eyes is the perfective aspect audience for him to write to. However the labyrinthian syntax craven man which is used, reflects the confusion almost, on how Yeats is traveling from his apotheosis reality, then arriving upon the actual reality, to which he detests.From lines eight to twenty-five, it shows Yeats bitter attack and pedestal towards contemporary Ireland, showing a huge change in tone, and actually contrasting the old Ireland with the new. It opens with some antithesis wise and simple. , really summing up the fisherman and Yeats views on the old Ireland, using a liberal stop to cede the reader to reflect and almost proving how lore and simplicity can sometimes go together.Carrying on there is another piece of alliteration my witness race And the reality which creates another piece of contrasting imagery, setting up Yeats for his verbalise against the real contemporary Ireland, the living men that I hate, that commendation referring to the greedy, UN cultured Dublin businessmen, to which Yeats goes on listing all the types of people he dislikes, however cleverly juxtaposes these thoughts with the dead man that I loved who by many is Hough to be J. M Singe, although could be John OLeary and therefore this poem could be compared to September 191 3 OLeary in the grave.Arriving at the end of that paragraph, Yeats sums up how he truly feels, beating down of the wise And great artistry beaten down, using repetition of the word beaten, to portray the viciousness of the Irish people. He describes some of the appalled types of the Irish public, the clever man who cries using harsh alliteration in order to show his impregnable contempt, which cuts into the lines, so Yeats really bel ieves that the people he doesnt admire, are somehow overcoming the wisdom of who Yeats does admire, and again this could be compared to the Irish Airman due to the inverted line.Yeats however in the last stanza, goes back to the desire of the perfect audience and old rural Ireland, going into further detail about the fisherman sun freckled face and differs from the early part, which describes him, to be more Of a memory, rather than a pigment of Yeats imagination a man who is but a moon. Yeats uses monosyllabic wording there and anaphoras to strengthen the line and to create an idea of nostalgia.Yeats finally ends the poem with a very interesting few lines l shall have written him one As cold and passionate as the dawn, Showing how he wants to write a poem for the perfect audience, using antithesis of cold and passionate, to show in my opinion how the poem is full of passion, yet tightly controlled, therefore making it enduring. That last line could also be compared to the Cold He aven, as in the cold heaven there is a similar juxtaposition, between the cold sky and the rush of emotions.

Correlation Paper Essay

CorrelationCorrelations measure the kind in the midst of cardinal variables. Establishing correlation coefficients allows researchers to make predictions that increase the knowledge base. Different regularity acting actings that establish correlations be apply in different situations. from each one method has favors and single outs that provide researchers information that is apply to understand, rank, and visually illustrate how variables are related. The Pearsons, Spearman, Kendall Rank, and positive and negative correlation are methods pulmonary tuberculosisd to establish a correlation between variables. The Pearson method is a simple linear correlation used or illustrate how toilsome of a relationship two variables have. The Spearman method ranks info by roll or give away and is often used be stool the equation is simpler than Pearsons. The Kendall Rank method measures the strength of dependence between two sets of random variables. Depending on the use of the info rmation will determine the best method for the research project. Each method has advantages and disadvantages. The research project and individual researcher weigh off the positive and negatives in order to determine the best method. It is agreed that the Pearsons method is easy to understand and illustrates the strength of the correlation. A prominent disadvantage is in that location can be confusion because it may be take for granted that correlation establishes causation. The Spearman advantage is it can rank order or name data in various ways, depending on the data collected. The disadvantage discussed is there may be a focus on ranking and non on the information that creates the rank. The positive and negative correlation method has the advantage that a lot of variables and situations can be used. Variables can be canvas using this method that experiments cannot be conducted on. The clear disadvantage discussed is that no cause and effect relationship can be assumed. Anoth er discussed disadvantage of this method is that it does not account for other variables that may contribute to studied variables. tuition reveals creatingcorrelations in research using the Pearson method would be multipurpose in domestic violence because it is a method that is easy to understand. The Spearman method that ranks data was discussed to be useful in the area of ranking of comfort qualities provided by hospice and GPA or SAT rankings. The Kendal Rank method measures strengths of dependence between two sets of variables like GPA and job performance in the ground level field. Discussion about reading proficiency in children was an example that would give the positive and negative method the best.As determined correlation determines the relationship between two variables and is used to make predictions in research. Each method has clear advantages and disadvantages, but it is agreed that the easier the method is to understand the more useful it is. One key point that cau ses confusion is the relationship between correlation and causation. It was determined that to avoid the error that a cause can be assumed based on a correlation attention must be paid to the specific method. Not every method is knowing to illustrate cause and affect relationships.ReferencesLing, R. F. (1982). Reviewed work (s) Correlation and Causation. by David A. Kenny base Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 77, No. 378,(Jun., 1982), pp. 489-491 Published by American Statistical Association. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 77(378), 489.Wright, S. (1921). Correlation and causation. Journal of coarse research, 20(7), 557-585.

Pest Analysis of Primark Stores Ltd

Organisations And Environment PEST Analysis On Primark Stores Ltd Contents opening 1 stinting Factors 1-2 Technological Factors 2-3 Social Factors 3-4 political Factors 4 endpoint 5 Bibliography 5-6 IntroductionThis bailiwick testament look at the macro instruction environmental elements affecting Primark which operates in the high-street retail garment sector. Primark offers chic fit out on the cheap through a human action of department stores passim the UK & Ireland, Holland and Spain. With its main target market universe agency-conscious under-35-year-olds, it is the second largest wear retail merchant in the UK. The business environment is ever-changing, and it is crucial that each shapings analyse the environmental elements accurately to allow them to adapt to changes that may arise. If the environment is non analysed correctly, or if non enough attention is paid to observing environmental changes then the organisation could miss vital opportunities and fal l under massive threat.This report allow for focus on a PEST analysis a PEST analysis is a detailed environmental analysis that allows organisations to devour strategies that resulting act to all environmental factors that they argon faced with. A PEST analysis consists of four factors Political, Economic, Social, and Technological. Primark, same(p) all organisations willing project to volume with all these environmental factors in some way. This report will right off go into detail considering how each of these factors affect the high-street retail robes sector, in particular Primark, and how they have or could respond to such issues. Economic Factors The biggest economic factor that has affected Primark in recent times, as with around(prenominal) businesses is the recession.This will definitely hinder Primarks performance, as the recession office that their potential consumers will have less(prenominal) disposable income, and therefore will be less likely to spend v ast amounts of notes on clothes. However as Primark is certainly at the cheaper end of the high-street retail clothing sector it has a much more inelastic income elasticity of solicit than some of its clothing competitors meaning that it could have a huge service everyplace some of its higher(prenominal) priced competition. This is because consumers will have less money to spend. But elbow room-conscious women will still want to look good and with Primark religious offering chic clothing for cheaper prices, many of these women may see Primark as an photogenic option for their clothing bribes. The second economic factor to be talked nigh is the price of fuel.In the summer of 2008, the price of oil reached $147 a lay (the highest it has ever been). Primark will have noticed huge increases in their conveying costs when the price of oil was this high. Primark relies very heavily on passage as it has yet two distri thation centres, one being placed in Leicestershire, UK an d the otherwise being located in Naas, Holland. As it distributes to all over the UK & Ireland, Holland, and Spain it will inhabit heavy fuel costs, and heavy rapture costs. Therefore, the high price of oil will increase costs and get up into Primarks profit margins. Unless it decides to pass the cost onto the consumer, in which case it would experience a decrease in gross sales.Another important economic factor to look at is the lowering of interest rates by the strand of England. The interest rates have been fire five times since October at which point they were 5%, and now they stand at just 0. 5%. (Monk, 2009) The extremely low interest rates will mean that intimately mortgage owners will be holding a lot less money back on their mortgage. This will result in them having a lot more disposable income, and could mean that they will have a lot more money to spend on clothes, and Primark could see sales increase. On the other hand some of these mortgage owners may already have been Primark customers as they previously had a lower disposable income. right off they have more money to spend, they may take their custom to higher priced, higher quality clothing retailers. Technological Factors The first technological factor to be considered is the Penneys seat card. Penneys is the trading name of Primark in the Republic of Ireland. The lay out card is only available in Ireland at this on-line(prenominal) time, but Primark may wish to introduce it into its Primark stores at a later date. The move over card was do available from 3rd November 2008, and gives the user the chance to throw up a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 200 onto the card. To match to this each card has a unique 19 digit number with this number the gift card holder discharge check their stream balance on the Primark website, without even needing to go to the store.With the knowledge that a gift card holder nominate check their balance online, one would put one over that they must h ave an integrated computer system with these gift cards. This will give Primark the necessary information to see which products ar bought most frequently, when they are bought, a gift card holders average spend, amongst other things. Meaning that the gift card could be used as a useful animal for marketing purposes. This report has already mentioned the fact that Primark uses a website, which is in any case a technological factor. Primarks website gives information on the high smart set profile including background, its honorable policy, and its upcoming stores. The fact that it shows upcoming stores could be seen as a good promotional tool.For example, authoritatively on the website it shows that Primark plans to open a store in Bremen, Germany. This is promoting to German customers who have visited Primark stores before and have been delay for one to open in Germany. Furthermore the website includes a store locator, self-aggrandising potential customers the chance to loca te the nearest store to them. This means that consumers can know the places they need to go if they want to find Primark stores. A major(ip) factor that could cause Primark to lose a lot of potential customers is the wishing of online shopping available on their website. One of its biggest competitors, the Arcadia group which encompasses such stores as Topshop, Topman, Burton etc does have online shopping available on its website.In 2006 it was suspected that UK online shoppers were evaluate to reach 24. 9m in 2010. This is a huge amount of potential customers that Primark could be missing out on. Primarks target market is under-35-year-olds these are the lot who use the internet most regularly. This could lead to Primark losing market percent to the Arcadia group, and Tesco who in addition provide cheap clothing online. Social Factors The biggest social factor that affects Primark is the afoot(predicate) fashion foreshortens that potential customers are looking for. Value cl othing is now at the heart of British shopping. Two in five adults are now admitting that they buy their basics at lever shops. (Smithers, 2008). This is saying that clothing consumers are now looking to buy cheaper alternative outfits. With this now being the social fashion trend of the UK market, Primark has a big advantage over other high-street clothing retailers. In 2007 Primark was nicknamed Pri-Marni in the style press for emulating fashion spin-offs, and overtook Asda as the UKs most popular value clothing retailer. (Smithers, 2008). Primark has responded to materialisation women wanting highly fashionable clothing for cheaper prices by producing designer copies made with cheaper fabric. This is has led to massive sales, and shows an intelligent chemical reaction to this social factor.Primark has recognised that to be viewed highly in baseball club in modern times, means that the organisation must act ethically. This is shown by their ethical strategy on their website. The challenges in the global garments supply chain require the collaboration of many various types of organisations to ensure that the gains from trade are spread. (Primark, 2008). This quote taken directly from their ethical strategy tries to show that they are looking for all the workers that produce their products to be paid and treated properly. However, in January 2009 the BBC found that some of Primarks manufacturers were performing in an extremely unethical manner. TNS Knitwear Ltd is one of Primarks biggest UK suppliers of knitwear. The minimum-wage is ? 5. 3 an hour, however an undercover BBC reporter applying for a job at TNS Knitwear was told she would be working(a) for 12 hours a day, 7 days a week for ? 3. 50 an hour. What is more, there was no heating and a broken toilet meant that some(prenominal) sexes had to use the same bathroom. (Dhariwal, 2009). Stories such as these showing Primarks manufacturers playing in hugely unethical ways could dramatically lower s ocietys picture of Primark leading to a large cut in Primark sales. Another social factor that Primark looks to implement on is the growing trend of organisations needing to be more environmentally friendly in order to come after in current business climates.For the majority of purchases at Primark, the customer is assumption a brown paper bobby pin instead of a flexible bag. Primark plastic bags are used only for heavy items with which the paper bag handles would rip. As paper bags are more bio-degradable, they are much more environmentally friendly. This gives Primark an image that shows they care about the environment, and improves their overall image socially. Political Factors This report has already covered the fact that TNS Knitwear Ltd (one of Primarks suppliers) did not pay the minimum wage of ? 5. 73 per hour. Due to the minimum wage act, this is gap the law. Failure to abide by the law could result in a ? 5,000 fine.Furthermore it was found that TNS Knitwear Ltd was also employing asylum seekers who were working illegally in the country. Employers who take on illegal workers can face fines up to ? 10,000 per mortal under the Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act. (Dhariwal, 2009). Even if it is not Primark itself that is committing such acts, it should always investigate its potential suppliers records to ensure that they are not involved in poisonous activities either. This is not just unlawful, meaning it is a political factor, but is also unethical and so a social factor. In December 2008, the brass reduced the Value added tax on products from 17. 5% to 15%.This meant that Primarks products looked 2. 5% cheaper, and could easily have led to higher sales as a result. To add to this, if it had made it known to customers that it was passing the V. A. T. reductions onto the consumer, it could be seen as a clever promotion tool, to encourage more potential customers to purchase its products. Conclusion The fact that Primark has become the UKs most popular value clothing retailer would indicate that Primark is very aware of its trading environment. A sound knowledge of its trading environment can lead to such success. However there are a few factors which this report uncovers, in which Primark is perhaps failing to respond to correctly.To summarise the environmental analysis, this conclusion will discuss the factors which Primark responds well to and the factors it responds to less well. Primarks most probable biggest carry on will be the social factors affecting it. This is down to the fact that fashion relies almost entirely on social opinion. If customers do not like the products Primark offers, they will not buy them, and Primark will fail as a business. Primarks sales in 2008 prove them to be the UKs most popular value clothing retailer. In todays society women want designer-like clothing for next-to-nothing prices. Primark has responded to this, and delivered with great success. On the other hand Primark has f ailed to respond to its suppliers felonious activities giving the company an unethical view in society.If Primark can act quickly and find suppliers who act ethically, then it may not experience a big decrease in social opinion and continue with high sales. Unfortunately for Primark, ethical suppliers may not be able to produce the clothing for such low cost and this could cut into Primarks profits. Todays current economic climate is not ideal for any organisation recession meaning that consumers have far less disposable income. However, clothing is a necessity and Primark offers the cheaper end of high-street clothing. This strength mean that Primark will not suffer a great deal compared to competing high-street clothing retailers. Furthermore if it can keep providing demand to its suppliers then they should get the recession too.The companys website is a great information tool giving customers insight about the organisation, and giving them the chance to locate current and futu re stores. This can be seen as a good response to technological factors. However, with the growing trend in online shopping, and the companys current choice not to sell its products online, could mean it loses large amounts of market share to competitors who currently provide such services. The poorest response to an environmental factor is Primarks response to political factors. Its failure to discover that its suppliers were involved in criminal activities is very poor indeed. This is something the company will need to take into greater consideration in the future. Bibliography Dhariwal, N. 2009) Primark Linked to UK Sweatshops Internet, BBC News. acquirable from Accessed 7 April 2009 M2 Presswire. (2006) TelecityRedbus Online retailing is only half the story when it comes to UK internet activity 35% increase in UK internet shopping sales since July 2005 Online shoppers are expected to reach 24. 9m in 20101 Figures from TelecityRedbus demonstrate the UKs growing dependence on a wide mixture of online services, including government services, banking, travel and bill paying as well as a range of entertainment services Internet, M2 Presswire. Available from www. lexisnexis. om Accessed on 7 April 2009 Monk, D. (2009) Low interest rates cost Notts councils ? 7. 6m While mortgage payers are celebrating the lowest interest rates in the history of the Bank of England, Notts councils will lose ? 7. 6m on their savings next year. Nottingham Evening Post, 17 February, p. 10. Primark Stores Ltd. (2009) Primark Internet. Available from http//www. primark. co. uk Accessed 7 April 2009. Smithers, R. (2008) National Fashion Ethical concerns left at station as demand for cheap clothes surges Primark and Asda lead way in reaching out to masses keen to wear latest designs. The protector (London), 30 January, p. 9.

Miracle of the Crib at Greccio

Name Marco Yu Ming Chan control 6 September, 2012 Professor Kate Dimitrova The Work of Art. The Miracle of the pony at Greccio (Legend of St. Francis- 13. Institution of the lope at Greccio), Portrait by Giotto Di Bondone, 1297-1300, church of St. Francis, Assisi, Italy. Book Resources Cynthia Ho, Beth A. Mulvaney, and John K. Downey. decision Saint Francis in literature and machination. New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. The three authors created and edited this check a big collection of essays, which they are about St.Francis, and some cheat works and texts about him, with the knowledge, tools and technics now-a-days, to study his life in a dissimilar view. William R. Cook. The cunning of the Franciscan Order in Italy. Leiden Boston Brill 2005. though the book is not directly about The Miracle of the Crib at Greecio, Its about all the works link up to St Francis. There are also some article that talks about this piece of work, and the different dry land of it. Its co mbined by essays from The United States and The Great Britain, studying Franciscan art in late medieval and early Renaissance Italy.Essays Rosenthal Erwin, The Crib of Greccio and Franciscan Realism The Art air (Mar 1954) 57-60. This article begins with a interrogation in 1926, explaining the differences of the view of the relationships between St. Francis, Nature and Art before and after(prenominal) the first quarter of the twentieth century. It talks about the old mood of how St. Francis respected and instructed nature (animals) and thinks its all connected with God, and how some art works like The Cribs of Greecio are so different and a bleak interpretation of his influence on arts.Ursula Schlegel, The Christchild as Devotional Image in Medieval Italian Sculpture A Contribution to Ambrogio Lorenzetti Studies The Art Bulletin (March 1970) 1-10. This article introduces and compare some pieces of art works that are related to St. Francis itself and the Christ. Some of them made St Francis to be the second Christ and some of them are showing the picture that hes holding the Christ (the miracle in Greecio).It talks a lot about what the relationship between those art works and the piece Christchild, but still, there are some informations and accent about The Miracle of the crib at Greecio. Web Sites N/A. Saint Francis turn in the Upper Church of San Francesco at Assisi wikimedia commons, March 2012.

Act 3, Scene 4 provides a great opportunity for visual spectical Essay

QUESTION. procedure 3, Scene 4 provides a great opportunity for visual spectical. treat how The Banquet Scene has been realised on screen and consider the potency of its portrayal.ANSWER.Shakespeare was born in 1564 when Elizabeth the First was Queen of England. Shakespeare did not go to university when he left school instead, he worked. He married Anne Hathway when he was xviii and she became the mother of his daughter, Susanna, and also of twins. Although there are many public documents relate with his career as a writer and a businessman, Shakespeare has hidden his ain life from us. A nineteenth century poet, Matthew Arnold, addressed Shakespeare in a poem and wroteWe ask and ask Thou smilest, and art still. at that place is not even a portrait of the worlds great Dramatist.I am going to look at the banquet scene, in my opinion, one of the most important scenes in Macbeth it shows many sides to both Macbeth and peeress Macbeth. The scene opens with the couple welcoming e ach the guests to their Banquet, the atmosphere is warm and jolly, and e preciseone is joking and enjoying themselves. The atmosphere becomes more sombre when one of Banquos murderers arrives with news for Macbeth. Although Banquo is unassailable, Fleance on the other hand has scapd . Macbeth tries toAct like the irreproachable flower, but be the serpent undert in straw man of his guests, but this does not last for long, the guilt gets the better of Macbeth and causes him to hallucinate. The Lords were all very confused, and so, maam Macbeth tries to cover-up for her husband by telling them all that Macbeth suffers from an illness, which causes him to pay in such a manner.Sit, worthy friends My Lord is practically thus, and hath been from his early days.She continues by sayingThe fit is momentary upon a thought he will be well again.The two productions I am going to look at are Roman Polanskis 1971 production along with Gregory Doran RSC production. In Gregory Dorans prod uction, Macbeths house resembles a prison. The strawman foyer is very bare, with lots of different entrances this is supplying to show us that Macbeth is imprisoned in his world of guilt. Macbeth is dressed as a soldier, which gives me the moving picture he is at war, maybe Doran is trying to put across the situation that Macbeth is trying to fight against all of the evil.Roman Polanski dressed Macbeth in bewitching robes Macbeth is also wearing his crown. This makes me think Macbeth is in total control of everything. two producers hold the Banquet in a large, dull, cold room, this symbolises the fact that Macbeth has nowhere to hide it also creates a tense atmosphere.In Polanskis production, Macbeth sees Banquo and he goes madAvaunt And quit my sight Let the earth hide thee He continues to rant and rave at this ghost of Banquo, whom lonesome(prenominal) Macbeth can see. He frightens and startles not only the lords, but also Lady Macbeth. We know this by the look of worry on h er face. She thus pulls her husband aside to try and help him see sense. He sees what she is trying to say and returns to normality, but this only lasts for a matter of moments, and thusly Macbeth resumes to his fit of madness again. Macbeth is gradually loosing control. tour Macbeth moves back, Banquo continues to advance. As both men keep moving, the camera becomes Banquo. We see amply angle shot of Macbeth it seems as though Banquo is looking down upon Macbeth and that he is now the one in control. Lady Macbeth tries to make excuses for her husbands behaviour by sayingSit worthy friends My lord is often thus, and hath been from his youth pray you, keep seat the fit is momentary upon a thought he will be well again.We then see a long shot of the lords at the table they all look very puzzled and confused.By this time, Macbeth is in a corner, on the ground with Banquo towering over him, he moves in closer and closer, then Banquo is cut, and Macbeth is left sitting on the ground, a trembling wreck.Gregory Dorans RSC work is very similar to Polanskis. He also shows Macbeth being overpowered by Banquo. When Lady Macbeth pulls Macbeth aside to try and snap him out of his fit, he is otiose to look her in the eye, he keeps watching the ghost of Banquo. He realises what his married woman is trying to say, and so he returns to his normal self again. The way that Macbeth is ever-changing personalities so suddenly in this scene reminds me of a schizophrenic, its virtually as though he has some kind of mental disorder. Macbeth tries to express mirth it off and composes himself. However, this only lasts for a moment.When Macbeth sees Banquo again, he drops his chalice, and the white wine spills onto the floor. This is an arouse observation because all the other products I watched used red wine, a sign of evil and danger, but white reminds me of innocence. Maybe Gregory Doran qualitys that Macbeth was innocent and this is wherefore he uses white wine rather than red. He may feel it was the witches, or maybe Lady Macbeths influence that encouraged him to do all those evil things. Personally, I feel it was Lady Macbeth that caused him to go through with Duncans murder, but yet again, how many could be talked into murder without desiring it themselves?

A review of my personal crime prevention strategy Essay

My conceit for the preventative crime strategy is soft medicate education. In mevery European countries, softer alcohols like wine and beer argon non policed as strongly as intemperate liquor. The idea behind this began in Germany when alcoholism was write downning to become to a greater extent and more prevalent. Said hassle was thought to be solved if alcohol was introduced differently. To be introduced to the family or at a younger age, as slight of a risky or dangerous or rebellious thing. This has led to a drop in alcoholism as these drinks are normalized from a young age. In turn, the united States school system has, for decades, been use the D.A.R.E. program but this has been shown non to very work. It uses fear mongering and essenti all(prenominal)y educating students that if they were to come in contact with ganja, they would die. This does not, has not, and will bear on not to work. My idea is to create a strategy of soft care for education. This means treati ng ganja, though register 1, as a weak or even purely/mostly medical do drugs instead of a dangerous gateway to amphetamines or heroin. So by removing the stigma of universe a gateway, I hope to remove it from actually becoming one. hemp education would be taught differently especially as decriminalization and legalisation continue throughout the country in heterogeneous stages. As of now, it is schedule 1, which means it has no medical proper trusss. Currently, even cocain is ranked as schedule 2, meaning it can be used in whatsoever medical scenarios. Marijuana is similarly oftentimes spoken of as a starter drug or gateway drug. An idea that began as scarcely an idea, but recently has become more of a reality. Drug dealers enlace the marihuana with addictive drugs, or mental addiction, even with people near chasing the high. But a new education could reframe the base. This would be acquiree so the young people coming in contact with it know what it does, what it look s like, and how it feels. assembly near drugs no longer works in a digital age. A heroin addict I once spoke to talked about how no one ever said how good drugs could feel, so if they lie about that and lied about weed killing you, why not keep trying? The gateway effect was not due to him lacking to try more drugs just to try more drugs. He had mat up that if marijuana had not been this addictive and deadly substance, the other dangerous drugs would not be either. The lie itself led him to those harder drugs. So essentially institute a normalization effect on marijuana. Remove the idea that it is a narcotic. The outdo-case scenario would be for it to be seen as a medical drug first. Similar to acetaminophen or cough syrup, a drug that is purely medical in the eyes of the public, first.The first way to go about it would be acquire to the smokers first. some(prenominal) times children will pick up a baccy habit before marijuana and gum olibanum before hard drugs. So the firs t step would be printing medical information on cigarette cartons. More and more, tobacco companies have to put the cancer-addled pictures on the cartons, and though it is meant to be a deterrent from smoking, most smokers probably just dont look at it. This is instituted by the Surgeon General and thus cannot be fought by the tobacco companies. So putting medical facts and statistics would egest a wandering eye to see benefits of what they whitethorn have previously heard is a dangerous drug. From here, there would need to be the preeminence between marijuana and harder drugs sucks as heroin, methamphetamine, and LSD. Those listed previously are all schedule as narcotic merely with zero medical use whatsoever. Again, cocaine is listed as safer than marijuana. So it is first important to work on ever-changing this view. This could occur by interlacing the failing scare tactics with the benefits of marijuana. Many shops exist countrywide, and even on South Street here in Philadel phia where tobacco paraphernalia are sold. So in those places ramp up ads that may push marijuana and tobacco but put down hard drugs. Along the lines of When you snort cocaine your heart explodes, when you smoke weed you absorb hungry. Different things similar to these. This along with the D.E.A. (Drug Enforcement Administration) rescheduling, the adult/population-wide feeling against the plant could begin to lift. If various states are legalizing and/or decriminalizing, along with the national government says it is little risky, people would be more open-minded.The most important push, however, would be the medicalization office. The best way to remove a stigma, to remove a dark side of something, is to make it beneficial. The inverse of this was seen with the medicine Sudafed. It was pulled from shelves when it became public knowledge that the drug could advantageously be used to manufacture forms of methamphetamine. Marijuana has already begun to be shown as a medicine. The drug has been used for soldiers to relieve post-traumatic stress disorder, with chemotherapy patients it increases appetite, in various illnesses such as arthritis it stops inflammation. Marijuana already has shown the potential in many ways to be a medicine. A cheap, easy to create, strong, and it has five-fold uses, drug. If it were to be rescheduled and pushed publicly, in news or music or shows, as less of a narcotic and more of a medication, the stigma would deign away.This relates to community crime prevention in many ways. The first idea of which is the connection to the basics needed to commit a crime a place, a person to commit the crime, and a crime itself. Even without a straightforward target, if the drug is no longer seen as a drug because the target is hardened. It is more difficult to see a legal, medical, plant as a dangerous and rebellious activity. This also falls into fond disorganization theory, if marijuana is medical and harder drugs fall away, consequent ly the usage of marijuana could be seen as a norm in communities similar to tobacco use or over the counter pain killers drug culture would begin to fall away and thus rougher communities could come together more against the harder drugs. A generation bypassing heroin use would more easily be able to push out the heroin dealers. So not only would the soft drug education lead to fewer people using the harder, more deadly drugs, but it could lead to communities pushing harder and more openly against drug dealing. (As a side note those who dealt/grew marijuana would easily be able to ascertain occupations in the then-legal marijuana growing industry, thus a legitimate job would prevent them from dealing other illicit drugs). As healthy as with fewer drug dealers present in neighborhoods, furiousness would drop dramatically. No more people violently high on cocaine or PCP or other uppers as well as no more drug-based robberies. Many drug dealers are robbed because they are seen as sou rces of money so either they get robbed or often times they will carry firearms and shoot their robbers. Either way, there would potentially be a drop. As well as the growth of marijuana by those who have (though illegally) been doing it for years could show to be lucrative and make low-economic-class areas into self-made enterprise zones. As discussed in class, there must be an audience to market these ideas too as well. There are 2 main audiences those who are 40 years old or older, those 12 and younger. The older crowd in order to push the idea that marijuana is not harmful, the younger in order to push that it is really a medicine and to keep pushing for other drugs being dangerous.As the FBI and ATF speakers also spoke about, the Hobbes Act is extremely important. But the ATF speaker brought up a strong point marijuana can be grown anywhere hydroponically. It is currently not a Hobbes Act infringement because it cannot be traced. To tie in with my idea before, if Pennsylvania were to follow through with any of these ideas, then marijuana is no longer a drug and thus any/all gross sales of illicit drugs become federal crimes. There is vigour scarier than saying ALL _____ CRIMES ARE FEDERAL CRIMES and this would push drug sales into that category.The soft drug education has multiple parts. The rescheduling of marijuana, the bettered education and allowance of use, and the terminal step to make it publically seen as more of a medicine than a drug to get high off of. Especially since the indicia offer of marijuana (as opposed to sativa) mostly works with treating pain, hunger, insomnia, stress, anxiety, inflammation, and other medical ailments with less of a physical high from the drug. With the proper pushing to legalize then re-educate the masses, hard drug use would drop dramatically. The main purpose is not only to allow for a medication to be used by the medical community but if this works it should prevent the gateway effect. in spite of appearan ce a generation, a large-scale drop in heroin, LSD, cocaine (crack and powder), Mescaline, ecstasy, and all other truly dangerous schedules 1 drugs. That is my crime prevention strategy. restrain the gateway effect and thus prevent a generation of drug crimes or drug-related crimes (such as in Goldkamps trichotomy) on a gigantic scale.

Eastman Kodak

ACC 230 Week 4 Checkpoint Nov 15, 2012 Chapter 3, Page 111, Problem 3. 16b Eastman Kodak Eastman Kodak appears to be profitable still though their net income has decreased. They show an increase in sales since from 2002 to 2004, but their operating costs also increased by 15. 3 % from 2002 to 2003. The increase in sales was primarily through acquisitions and the impress of foreign exchange rates on their holdings. Kodaks largest holding, Digital and demand Imaging Systems, experienced a 1% decrease during this period. In a comparative analysis of the years 2003 and 2004, Kodak increased their current assets and decreased fall assets.This reflects the disposal of assets such as equipment, plant and property, and complete discontinuance of current operations. This decrease in native assets can be seen as a prudent move in their restructuring process. They also decreased their number of employees in 2004 and cut back on their advertising expense. Kodak has decreased total liabilit ies by 4%. This is the result of decreases in short verge and long term borrowings. By paying off debt, the company is improving its overall pecuniary position. Kodak also sows a positive net profit margin even though they show a loss in 2004.Kodaks some other income in 2004 resulted from settlements in favor of Kodak which will not recur in future periods. There is a drop in total shareholders equity, but they have shown an increase in the equity parting held by the company. This seems to be the result of $104k more shares in 2004 than in 2003, since the total number of shares outstanding remained constant in 2003 and 2004. Retained earnings on stock increased in 2004. The company seems to be in safe(p) standing from a profitability viewpoint. If they continue with the changes to the companys structure, they should be able to stay in a profitable income margin.

Kinesthetic learning Essay

kinaesthetic instruction is also kn testify as tactile breeding. People with a preference for kinesthetic learning atomic number 18 also reciprocally known as do-ers. Tactile/kinesthetic learners cite up about five percent of the population.Auditory learnersReading- or writing-preference learnersKinesthetic learnersContents1 account statement2 Characteristics3 Classification4 Lack of evidence5 References6 External linksHistoryKinesthetic intelligence was originally coupled with tactile abilities, and was outlined and discussed in Howard Gardners Frames Of Mind The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. In his book, Gardner describes activities (such as bounce and performing surgery) as requiring great kinesthetic intelligence using the ashes to create (or do) something.Marg atomic number 18t HDoubler wrote and spoke about kinesthetic learning during the 1940s, defining kinesthetic learning as the human corpses ability to express itself through movement and dance.Characteristic sQuestion book- reinvigorated.svgThis parting does non cite any references or sources. Please help remedy this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2010) According to the possible action of learning elbow rooms, schoolchilds who have a predominantly kinesthetic style are thought to be discovery learners they have realisation through doing, sort of than thinking before initiating action. They may struggle to learn by narration or listening.When learning, it helps for these students to move around this increases the students understanding, with learners generally getting better attach in exams when they can do so. Kinesthetic learners usually succeed in activities such as chemistry experiments, sporting activities, art and acting It is common for kinesthetic learners to focus on two different things at the equal time, remembering things in relation to what they were doing. They possess good eye pass away coordination. In kinesthetic learning, learning occurs by the learner using their form to express a thought, an idea or a innovation (in any field).In an elementary classroom setting, these students may stand out beca riding habit of their collect to move their high energy levels may cause them to be agitated, wide awake or impatient. Kinesthetic learners short- and long-term memories are strengthened by their use of movement.ClassificationRita Dunn contends that kinesthetic and tactile learning are the same style.3 Galeet BenZion asserts that kinesthetic and tactile learning are separate learning styles, with different characteristics. She defined kinesthetic learning as the process that results in new familiarity (or understanding) with the involvement of the learners body movement. This movement is performed to establish new (or extending existing) knowledge. Kinesthetic learning at its best, BenZion found, is established when the learner uses language (their own words) in order to define, explain, resolve and sort out how his or her bodys movement studys the concept explored. One example is a student using movement to find out the sum of 1/2 plus 3/4 via movement, then explaining how their motions in space reflect themathematical process leading to the correct answer.Lack of evidenceAlthough the concept of learning styles is popular among educators in some countries (and children and adults express preferences for particular modes of learning), at that place is no evidence that identifying a students learning style produces better outcomes on the contrary, there is substantial evidence that the meshing assumption (that a student will learn best if taught in a method deemed appropriate for the students learning style) is invalid. Well-designed studies flatly belie the popular meshing hypothesis.Proponents state that the evidence related to kinesthetic learners benefiting from specialized instruction (or targeted materials) appears mixed at best th e diagnosis of kinesthetic and tactile learning is coupled (rather than isolated), and teachers are likely to misdiagnose students learning styles.On the other hand, studies do show that mixed-modality presentations (for instance, using auditory and visual techniques) improve results in a variety of subjects. Instruction that stimulates more than auditory learning (for example, kinesthetic learning) is more likely to enhance learning in a heterogeneous student population.

A Water Concessioners Porters 5 Forces Analysis Essay

1. Rivalry among existing competitors- Low to Non-Existent. Since it is under concession agreement, thither is no other peeing utility comp both that can engage any business similar to A irrigate armed service program concessioner, unless granted by the brass under special agreement and with full knowledge and encomium of A Water avail concessioner.2. Threat of unexampled entrants- Low to Non-Existent. Companies that may want to apply for the concession must first comply with government requirements and excessively must have a substantial amount of hood investment (around 6 Billion Dollars starting capital), not to mention the technological expertise to run and maintain a water utility company.3. negotiate Power of Supplier- Medium. Although the primary knifelike material of A Water advantage concessioner is water which is basically free, the materials used for distribution line aliment and expansion are quite few. Though this is the case, A Water advantage concessio ner still has a slight control on the set of these materials unless the raw materials for these items like resin, steel, alum coagulating chemical used in treating raw water), etc. increases.4. Bargaining Power of Customer- Medium. This is due to the regulated tariff by the government under the MWSS Regulatory office which deals directly with A Water value concessioner.5. Threat of Substitute- Low. The small water refilling stations also get their water from A Water Utility concessioner. With regards to larger water bottling companies, this is just a small portion of the pie which A Water Utility concessioner can manage to absorb. Other than water for drinking purposes, there is no substitute for A Water Utility concessioners service.In summary, the water service providing business of A Water Utility concessioner is very viable with very little or non-existing threats of new entrants and rivals, with a very manageable bargaining power for both suppliers and customers and intimate ly no substitute. As a business strategy, A Water Utility concessioners main goal is to provide outstanding service to its customers for both water and waste water services and become a world class water utility company.

Organisational Theory Essay

Power, conflict and resistance rudimentary determinants of systemal life. -Modern, symbolic-interpretive, post-modern and critical theory perspectives feel divergent ways of discretion power, control and resistance in organisations. Choose 2 of the four theoretical perspectives and discuss how each perspectives understanding of power, control and resistance in organisations contributes to different ideas about the nature of organisations. enteringThe purpose of this essay is to analysis the deuce theoretical perspectives of Modern and Post-modern which have different ways of understanding power, control and resistance in organisations. We shall go through by the philosophical choices of ontology and epistemology, then examine the assumptions underlying of these two perspectives, and to comp are from different perspectives and of distinctive contributions to the power, conflict and resistance which are key determinants of organisational life.Ranson et al. (1980), stated that O rganizational structure describes both the prescribed frameworks and realized configurations of interaction, and the degrees to which they are mutually constituted and constituting. Modernism As to Hatch and Cunliffe (2006), Modernist focus on Objectivism which is belief in objective, external reality that independently exist from our cognition on ontology philosophical saying.Martin Parker (2008) stated that on epistemology way, Modernism elevates the faith in reason to a level at which it becomes equated with progress. Clegg and Kornberger (2003) explained that Modernism does go through adherence to the canons of positivism which discovering the Truth by using certain measurement and valid concepts to examine knowledge against an objective world.Hatch and Cunliffe (2006) that Modernist organisation theorists believe that complete knowledge means understanding how and why organizations assist the way they do and how their functioning is influenced by different environmental con ditions. Modernist is accent mark on looking for universal laws and methods to solve problems, and by using regulate procedures and routine practices to control the organisation. Hatch and Cunliffe (2006) further elabourated

Ethics Exam Essay

1)Give the complete definition Aristotle offers of eudaimonia? EUDAIMONIA MEANS HAPPINESS/ flourishing DEFINED AS AN ACTIVITY OF THE SOUL IN ACCORDANCE WITH fill out VIRTUE WITH ADEQUATE EXTERNAL GOODS IN A COMPLETE deportment This involves ones life as a whole and consists in action in accord with debate Eudaimonia is non achieved through and through joyousness, wealth, honor or rase law on its feature. What is an external erect? Are external ripe(p)s needful or equal for delight? man internal goods are more important, adequate external goods are incumbent but not sufficient condition for eudaimonia.External goods from Aristotles resume include good birth, sufficient wealth and friends. These external goods enable a person to practice complete equity, because in many practices we use wealth (generosity), friends and political power (justice). Aristotle also includes good birth, good children and even outside beauty. Claiming that we cannot sire the fictional cha racter of happiness if we look repulsive, we are childless, ill-born or exit in solidarity. (Book one chapter 8) Is virtue necessary or sufficient for happiness? comfort depends primarily on character and action in accordance with complete virtue, it is not something we can passively receive from opposite muckle or external circumstances and good fortune. it is Aristotles view that virtue is necessary but not sufficient for eudaimonia. Virtue alone cannot conduce happiness because someone who suffers the worst evils and has no friends or external goods would not be considered happy by any means besides tremendous philosophy What is the most important aspect of happiness? w herefore? What mannequin of activities is Aristotle referring to? 3 different types of activity1. military action done for its birth sake2. Activity only done for the sake of an end3. Activity both for its own sake and for the sake of an end Happiness is the highest goal because it is complete in its sel f, done for its own sake.2) What is Aristoles view of self love? When is it good and when is it tough?Why do concourse confuse this? P1463) GIVE EXAMPLES of 3 virtues in aristoles, covering apiece is a mean in realise to feeling or actions (be specific) and say what the extremes of the excess and deficiency are. Courage the mean in find out to feelings of business organization and confidence in threatening situations excess arrogant, reckless, rash, lack fear when neededdeficiency fearful, cowardice, timidGenerosity the mean in regard to the action of giving and taking resources excess wasteful, irresponsible, impulsive deficiency selfishness, stinginess, miserlyFriendliness is the mean with regard to actions that cause pleasure and pain in others excess people pleaserdeficiency quarrelsome4) Why are the pursuits of pleasure and honor rejected as the good life?p4 and p19 1. The vulgar get the picture happiness as pleasure, a life of gratification appears slavish uniform an imal activities/grazing cows. 2. The political person perceives happiness as honor, meagre because it can come and go and depends on those giving honor reservation it too external and superficial5) Are virtue and vice automatic? Can we change who we are? Explain aristotles view and your own Yes, virtue and vice are voluntary, both virtue and vice are in harmony with our desires and reason. vice develops after the character of someone becomes so that they preceive what is bad as good, this person according to aristole is still held responsible for their activity even though they cant on their own change their character repayable to their perception. I think we can change with outside intervention.6) What is the birth surrounded by knowledge and virtue in Aristotle? Are the virtues of thought necessary or sufficient for moral virtue? What sort of wisdom matters here? p1627) What are the three types of friendship? Why is the vanquish one the best?p121 1. Loving the other due to utility2. loving the other due to pleasure3. loving the other for their own sake (complete friendship) only people of virtuous charcater can have complete friendship because it requires simular virtue among 2 people and ability to know and have confidence in the other persons character. It is the only friendship that continues past utlity and pleasure. 8) What are the three features dressing table and friendship have in common?1. Enjoy spending clock together2. Love the other for their own sake3. share in pleasure and painsWith self-love Enjoy yourself, love yourself for your own sake, have intrinsic value within yourself, and share in your own pleasures and pains. 9) What is the battle between theoretical wisdom and practical wisdom, or prudence? How is each acquired? P90Practical wisdom or prudence a state of hold the truth, concerned w/action, things that are good or bad for a human race being prudence and virtue are necessary and sufficient for one another10) What is the difference between continence and virtue? Is incontinence or vice easier to cure and why? p110 incontinence to know (or maybe just believe) what is the good action and choose otherwise, your desire is different than your reason11) Aristotles ethics depend upon no metaphysics or myths regarding the gods or the afterlife, and he does make the assumption about human temperament that equates trade good with happiness. What are these assumptions?Virginia HeldWhat are Virginia Helds claims are the 3 main masculine biases in history of ethics? Are they relevant today?1. duality between reason and emotionReasonrationalmale as emotionirrational femaleReason controls emotions2. Split between public and privateMothering natural and biological, women just reproduce life, driven by instinct, remote to morality Man is human making history cultural, transcending his animal nature3. Concept of self as individualistic rather the dependent and having feature relationships.How it effects toda y just add women mentality is not adequate to fix how emotion and private life has been left out of ethics. advanced theories are needed that include emotions, nurturance of children and social relations beyond the chain of mountains of business. This requires reevaluating the importance of the home and children.AchtenburgWhat are the 2 necessary moments in womens liberation movement? Which do you think is important right now? 1. Claiming general human characteristics that have wrongly been c solelyed male (universal principles, dispassion, autonomy) 2. Elevating characteristics considered to be only female and devalued, (passion, fussy relationships and community and connection, Feminist care ethics say embrace mention gender dichotomy)I think it is important right now to hoist those female characteristics as valuable, for the private to be of value as as as the public How does Aristotle provide a solution to the split between reason and emotion? 1. For a person with well-de veloped character emotions and reason are in harmony, not mere continence, emotions and reasons have the same aim. 2. Emotions are types of cognition, all types of pleasure and pain are from perceiving particulars that are good as good and that are bad as bad MacIntyreWhat is the tension between patriotism and liberal morality? Why does each view see the other as a moral danger? Patriotism is a kind of loyalty to a particular nation this conflicts with liberal moral possible action because liberal morals uphold impartiality. Patriots see liberal morality as a threat to social bonds within a community and that it endangers the survival of such because it abandons all reason for defense. Liberal moralist think patriotism justifies war and can lead us into blindly following our regimen