Ethics Exam Essay

1)Give the complete definition Aristotle offers of eudaimonia? EUDAIMONIA MEANS HAPPINESS/ flourishing DEFINED AS AN ACTIVITY OF THE SOUL IN ACCORDANCE WITH fill out VIRTUE WITH ADEQUATE EXTERNAL GOODS IN A COMPLETE deportment This involves ones life as a whole and consists in action in accord with debate Eudaimonia is non achieved through and through joyousness, wealth, honor or rase law on its feature. What is an external erect? Are external ripe(p)s needful or equal for delight? man internal goods are more important, adequate external goods are incumbent but not sufficient condition for eudaimonia.External goods from Aristotles resume include good birth, sufficient wealth and friends. These external goods enable a person to practice complete equity, because in many practices we use wealth (generosity), friends and political power (justice). Aristotle also includes good birth, good children and even outside beauty. Claiming that we cannot sire the fictional cha racter of happiness if we look repulsive, we are childless, ill-born or exit in solidarity. (Book one chapter 8) Is virtue necessary or sufficient for happiness? comfort depends primarily on character and action in accordance with complete virtue, it is not something we can passively receive from opposite muckle or external circumstances and good fortune. it is Aristotles view that virtue is necessary but not sufficient for eudaimonia. Virtue alone cannot conduce happiness because someone who suffers the worst evils and has no friends or external goods would not be considered happy by any means besides tremendous philosophy What is the most important aspect of happiness? w herefore? What mannequin of activities is Aristotle referring to? 3 different types of activity1. military action done for its birth sake2. Activity only done for the sake of an end3. Activity both for its own sake and for the sake of an end Happiness is the highest goal because it is complete in its sel f, done for its own sake.2) What is Aristoles view of self love? When is it good and when is it tough?Why do concourse confuse this? P1463) GIVE EXAMPLES of 3 virtues in aristoles, covering apiece is a mean in realise to feeling or actions (be specific) and say what the extremes of the excess and deficiency are. Courage the mean in find out to feelings of business organization and confidence in threatening situations excess arrogant, reckless, rash, lack fear when neededdeficiency fearful, cowardice, timidGenerosity the mean in regard to the action of giving and taking resources excess wasteful, irresponsible, impulsive deficiency selfishness, stinginess, miserlyFriendliness is the mean with regard to actions that cause pleasure and pain in others excess people pleaserdeficiency quarrelsome4) Why are the pursuits of pleasure and honor rejected as the good life?p4 and p19 1. The vulgar get the picture happiness as pleasure, a life of gratification appears slavish uniform an imal activities/grazing cows. 2. The political person perceives happiness as honor, meagre because it can come and go and depends on those giving honor reservation it too external and superficial5) Are virtue and vice automatic? Can we change who we are? Explain aristotles view and your own Yes, virtue and vice are voluntary, both virtue and vice are in harmony with our desires and reason. vice develops after the character of someone becomes so that they preceive what is bad as good, this person according to aristole is still held responsible for their activity even though they cant on their own change their character repayable to their perception. I think we can change with outside intervention.6) What is the birth surrounded by knowledge and virtue in Aristotle? Are the virtues of thought necessary or sufficient for moral virtue? What sort of wisdom matters here? p1627) What are the three types of friendship? Why is the vanquish one the best?p121 1. Loving the other due to utility2. loving the other due to pleasure3. loving the other for their own sake (complete friendship) only people of virtuous charcater can have complete friendship because it requires simular virtue among 2 people and ability to know and have confidence in the other persons character. It is the only friendship that continues past utlity and pleasure. 8) What are the three features dressing table and friendship have in common?1. Enjoy spending clock together2. Love the other for their own sake3. share in pleasure and painsWith self-love Enjoy yourself, love yourself for your own sake, have intrinsic value within yourself, and share in your own pleasures and pains. 9) What is the battle between theoretical wisdom and practical wisdom, or prudence? How is each acquired? P90Practical wisdom or prudence a state of hold the truth, concerned w/action, things that are good or bad for a human race being prudence and virtue are necessary and sufficient for one another10) What is the difference between continence and virtue? Is incontinence or vice easier to cure and why? p110 incontinence to know (or maybe just believe) what is the good action and choose otherwise, your desire is different than your reason11) Aristotles ethics depend upon no metaphysics or myths regarding the gods or the afterlife, and he does make the assumption about human temperament that equates trade good with happiness. What are these assumptions?Virginia HeldWhat are Virginia Helds claims are the 3 main masculine biases in history of ethics? Are they relevant today?1. duality between reason and emotionReasonrationalmale as emotionirrational femaleReason controls emotions2. Split between public and privateMothering natural and biological, women just reproduce life, driven by instinct, remote to morality Man is human making history cultural, transcending his animal nature3. Concept of self as individualistic rather the dependent and having feature relationships.How it effects toda y just add women mentality is not adequate to fix how emotion and private life has been left out of ethics. advanced theories are needed that include emotions, nurturance of children and social relations beyond the chain of mountains of business. This requires reevaluating the importance of the home and children.AchtenburgWhat are the 2 necessary moments in womens liberation movement? Which do you think is important right now? 1. Claiming general human characteristics that have wrongly been c solelyed male (universal principles, dispassion, autonomy) 2. Elevating characteristics considered to be only female and devalued, (passion, fussy relationships and community and connection, Feminist care ethics say embrace mention gender dichotomy)I think it is important right now to hoist those female characteristics as valuable, for the private to be of value as as as the public How does Aristotle provide a solution to the split between reason and emotion? 1. For a person with well-de veloped character emotions and reason are in harmony, not mere continence, emotions and reasons have the same aim. 2. Emotions are types of cognition, all types of pleasure and pain are from perceiving particulars that are good as good and that are bad as bad MacIntyreWhat is the tension between patriotism and liberal morality? Why does each view see the other as a moral danger? Patriotism is a kind of loyalty to a particular nation this conflicts with liberal moral possible action because liberal morals uphold impartiality. Patriots see liberal morality as a threat to social bonds within a community and that it endangers the survival of such because it abandons all reason for defense. Liberal moralist think patriotism justifies war and can lead us into blindly following our regimen