Saturday, March 2, 2019

Wavelength Conversion Four Wave Mixing in Silicon Waveguide

pother distance Conversion by Degenerate Four Wave Mixing in Silicon Waveguide Abstract Four- undulate mixing (FWM) is superstar of the interesting nonlinearities in optical systems. It is mainly recitationd for wave aloofness novelty. To canvass the factors that alter the wave continuance novelty efficiency, the evolution of Four-wave mixing (FWM) in atomic number 14 wave guide is modeled using matlab. The method of modeling is described. The effects of foreplay core major part and wave guide length on the conversion efficiency be investigated.Results verbalize that when propagating along a 0. 048m silicon waveguide, both the input mettle place and stroke situation cliffs, while anti-stroke military unit increases first and past returns along the waveguide. It is also sightn that for a 0. 048 silicon waveguide, widening anti-stroke mogul is the maximum when the input pump agentfulness is 3W. Also, when the input pump business office is kept constant, at that place is a most effective waveguide length for wavelength conversion. Keywords -FWM model conversion efficiency input pump position waveguide length 1 IntroductionFour-wave mixing (FWM) is an inter modulation phenomenon in optical systems, whereby interaction amidst trey waves (two pump waves and a signal wave) produce a quaternate wave (idler wave) 1. This phenomenon can be used for all optical wavelength conversion (AOWC) and entangled photon generation 2, 3. As extremely small core of si wires produce the nonlinear optical effect in time under dispirited optical tycoon, Silicon is used as waveguide in our be after for practical wavelength conversion by FWM process with longer waveguide lengths and littler telephone extension loss4.Factors that affect optical wavelength conversion argon being analyse to enhance the conversion efficiency. It has in that respectfore become important to study FWM in silicon waveguide theoretically to increase the conversion effici ency for foster experiment. In our project, FWM matlab to study the factors that affect the conversion efficiency. This paper discusses the factors that affect FWMs conversion efficiency in silicon waveguide. Theoretical treatment is presented in section 2, where FWM in silicon waveguide is described. The method to model FWM in silicon waveguide using matlab is described in section 3.Results are shown in section 4. Results show that both the input pump power and the waveguide length play an important part in the FWMs conversion efficiency. 2 THEORY The FWM process involves the interaction of four waves (two substance waves, one signal and one idler wave) as they propagates along a medium. In our project, silicon waveguide is used as the medium. The schematic plat of FWM in silicon waveguide is shown in figure 1. Here, E represents the voltaic field of the heedive waves and normalized such that power P=E2. Subscripts p, s and a represent pump, signal and idler respectively.The su perscript f represents forward propagating waves. pic Figure 1 Schematic diagram of FWM in silicon waveguide . 3 METHODOLOGY The evolution of the tercet waves along the silicon waveguide can be modeled by the being differential coefficient equations 1. picpicpicpic where Aeff is the waveguide effective core area, ? is the wavelength, ? is the linear lengthiness loss and ? is the TPA coefficient, ? is the FCA plow section and ? eff is the effective carrier lifetime. h and c follow their usual physical meaning of Planks constant and free-space locomote of light respectively. k denotes the linear phase mismatch and can be expressed aspic. ? is the nonlinear parameter assumed to be the same for three wavelengths and defined as pic where n2 is the nonlinear refractive index. To simulate the evolution of the three waves along the silicon waveguide, the above four differential equation are solved simultaneously using Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF) method 2. Parameters Input- payoff simul ation hold dears ? century/4. 34 m-1 Aeff 0. 17? 10(-12) m2 ? 0. 7? 10(-11) m/W ? p 1310? 10(-9) m ? eff 1? 10(-9) s c 2. 998? 10(8) h 6. 626? 10(-34) Js ? k 0 m/s ? p 1. 0297? 10-21m2 ? 2. 43 ? 10(-11) m/W 4 RESULTs and discussion . 1 Modelling of FWM in silicon waveguide prone Pp=1W, Ps=0. 001W, Pa=0W and L=0. 048m, Pump power, stroke power and anti-stroke power are force with respect to the position in the waveguide. picpicpicThe figures above show that when propagating in the waveguide, both the pump power and stroke power decrease while the anti-stoke power increases. This is as expected, as the interaction of the pump wave and stroke wave produce the anti-stroke wave. The increase of the anti-stroke power comes from the decrease of the pump and stroke power.It can be seen that, at the end of the waveguide, the pump power is unless 0. 26W and the stoke power is only 0. 026W. Both of them decrease 74% of their original power. Both the pump power and stroke power d ecrease fast at the beginning, and then their decrease rate becomes slower when propagating raise in the waveguide. This implies that the higher the pump power and the stroke power, the higher the propagation loss. As a result, the anti-stroke power increases fast at the beginning and then its increasing rate slows down. At the length of 0. 42m, the power of the anti-stroke reaches its maximum value which is about 3. 2*10-5W. Then the anti-stroke power starts to decrease slowly. This may be because when the pump and stroke power is small, the gain of the anti-stroke power is slight than its propagation loss. 4. 2 Effects of input pump power on conversion efficiency Given Ps=0. 001W, Pa=0W and L=0. 048m, Pp changes from 0 to 10W with step 0. 2W. The chart of the output stroke power and the output anti-stroke power are drawn with respect to the input pump power. pic Figure 2. 1 Output stroke power with different input pump powerThis graph shows that the big the input pump power, the little the output stroke power. This is as expected, as the larger the input pump power, the larger the propagation loss. The output stroke decreases slower when the input pump power is higher. pic Figure 2. 2 Output anti-stroke power with different input pump power This graph shows that when the input pump power is less than3W, the higher the input pump power, the higher the output anti-stroke power. This is as expected, as more input power can be converted to anti-stroke power when the input pump power is larger.When the input pump power is larger than3W, the output anti-stoke power decreases with the input pump power. As the higher the input pump power, the higher the propagation loss. When the input pump power is larger than3W, the propagation loss dominates. 4. 3 Effects of waveguide length on conversion efficiency To investigate the relationship between the waveguide length and the conversion efficiency, input power are keep constant, Pp=1W, Ps=0. 001W, Pa=0W, L changes from 0. 001m to 0. 1m with step 0. 001m. Output stroke power and output anti-stroke power are drawn with respect to different waveguide length. pic Figure 3. 1 Output stroke power with different waveguide length This graph shows that the longer the waveguide length, the smaller the output stroke power. This is as expected, as the longer the waveguide length, the larger the propagation loss. The decreasing rate of the output stroke power decreases with the waveguide length. pic Figure 3. 2 Output anti-stroke power with different waveguide length This graph shows that when the waveguide length is less than 0. 048m, the output anti-stroke power increases with the waveguide length.This implies that the gain is larger than the propagation loss in the waveguide. When the waveguide length is larger than 0. 48m, the output anti-stoke power decreases with the waveguide length. At waveguide length larger than 0. 048m, the propagation loss is larger than the gain of the anti-stroke power. The output anti-stroke power has a maximum value of 4. 5*103 when the waveguide is 0. 048m. Thus, the most effective waveguide length is 0. 048m. 5 Conclusion The remainder serves the important function of drawing together the various sections of the written report.The completion is a summary, and the developments of the previous sections or chapters should be succinctly restated, important findings discussed and conclusions drawn from the whole study. In addition, you may list questions that have appeared in the variant of the study that require additional research, beyond the limits of the project being reported. Where appropriate, recommendations for future tense work may be included. The conclusion should, however, leave the reader with an t essential sensation of completeness and of gain. AcknowledgmentThe author would like to express her deepest gratitude to A/P Luan Feng and PhD student Huang Ying for their guidance, assistant and advices. The author also wishes to acknowle dge the funding support for this project from Nanyang scientific University under the Undergraduate Research Experience on Campus (URECA) programme. indicateences The template go forth number citations consecutively within brackets 1. The decry punctuation follows the bracket 2. Refer simply to the reference number, as in 3do not use Ref. 3 or reference 3 except at the beginning of a sentence Reference 3 was the first Number footnotes separately in superscripts. Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the column in which it was cited. Do not put footnotes in the reference list. Use letters for table footnotes. Unless there are six authors or more repay all authors name do not use et al. Papers that have not been published, even if they have been submitted for publication, should be cited as unpublished 4. Papers that have been sure for publication should be cited as in press 5. Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for worthy nouns and element symbols.F or papers published in translation journals, please give the English citation first, followed by the original foreign-language citation 6. 1 G. Eason, B. Noble, and I. N. Sneddon, On sealed integrals of Lipschitz-Hankel type involving products of Bessel functions, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp. 529-551, April 1955. (references) 2 J. Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed. , vol. 2. Oxford Clarendon, 1892, pp. 68-73. 3 I. S. Jacobs and C. P. Bean, o.k. particles, thin films and exchange anisotropy, in Magnetism, vol.III, G. T. Rado and H. Suhl, Eds. New York Academic, 1963, pp. 271-350. 4 K. Elissa, entitle of paper if known, unpublished. 5 R. Nicole, Title of paper with only first word capitalized, J. Name Stand. Abbrev. , in press. 6 Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, negatron spectroscopy studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interface, IEEE Transl. J. Magn. Japan, vol. 2, pp. 740-741, August 1987 Digests 9th An nual Conf. magnetic attraction Japan, p. 301, 1982. 7 M. Young, The Technical Writers Handbook. Mill Valley, CA University Science, 1989.

No comments:

Post a Comment

Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.